Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep, often due to airway obstruction (obstructive sleep apnea) or impaired respiratory control (central sleep apnea). Symptoms include loud snoring, gasping, restless sleep, and excessive daytime fatigue. Untreated sleep apnea is associated with elevated risks of hypertension, heart disease, stroke, insulin resistance, accidents, and reduced life expectancy. Diagnosis typically involves a sleep study and is commonly treated with CPAP or other positive airway pressure devices, oral appliances, weight loss, and sometimes surgery. Because of its prevalence and cardiovascular impact, sleep apnea is a major consideration in life and disability insurance underwriting.

Underwriters reviewing sleep apnea look for documentation of diagnosis, severity (such as apnea-hypopnea index), treatment type, and compliance with CPAP or other therapy. Well-controlled obstructive sleep apnea with good treatment adherence often receives standard or mildly rated offers, especially when comorbidities are limited. Poorly controlled or untreated apnea, particularly in combination with obesity, hypertension, or heart disease, can lead to heavier ratings or postponement. Advisors can improve outcomes by encouraging clients to obtain recent sleep studies, compliance reports, and physician notes. Understanding sleep apnea helps advisors explain why seemingly routine snoring questions matter and how consistent treatment can improve both health and insurability.