Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, changes in sleep or appetite, difficulty concentrating, and sometimes suicidal thoughts or behaviors. It ranges from mild to severe and may be episodic or chronic. Treatment often includes psychotherapy, medication, or a combination. In life and disability insurance underwriting, depression is evaluated based on severity, treatment history, stability, hospitalizations, and any history of suicide attempts, as these factors influence mortality and morbidity risk assessments.

Underwriters review depression cases by examining medical records, medication lists, therapy notes, and any psychiatric hospitalizations. Stable, well-controlled depression with good treatment adherence can qualify for standard or mildly rated offers, while severe, recurrent, or suicide-attempt histories present greater challenges. Advisors encourage honest disclosure and help clients collect complete mental-health documentation. They approach the topic sensitively to reduce stigma and fear. Understanding depression helps advisors support clients compassionately while setting realistic expectations about underwriting outcomes and carrier appetite for behavioral-health risks.