COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive lung disorder characterized by airflow limitation, usually due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both. Symptoms include chronic cough, sputum production, wheezing, and shortness of breath, especially with exertion. Smoking is the leading cause, though environmental exposures and genetic factors also contribute. COPD is staged using spirometry and symptom scales, and severe forms can lead to frequent hospitalizations, oxygen dependence, and reduced life expectancy. In life insurance underwriting, COPD is a significant impairment, particularly when moderate to severe or associated with continued smoking.

Underwriters evaluate COPD cases using pulmonary function tests, physician notes, hospitalization history, oxygen use, and smoking status. Mild, stable COPD with smoking cessation may qualify for limited-rated offers, while advanced COPD is often declined. Advisors gather detailed pulmonary records and prepare clients for challenging underwriting outcomes. They may explore graded or guaranteed-issue options when traditional coverage is unavailable. Understanding COPD helps advisors ask the right health questions, interpret spirometry results, and counsel clients realistically about coverage possibilities and the importance of smoking cessation.