Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic condition in which the heart cannot pump blood effectively enough to meet the bodyTMs needs, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fluid retention, fatigue, and reduced exercise tolerance. It often results from underlying diseases like coronary artery disease, hypertension, or cardiomyopathy. Severity is typically classified using NYHA functional classes and ejection fraction measurements. CHF is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is one of the most serious cardiovascular impairments in life insurance underwriting, frequently leading to heavy ratings, postponements, or declines.

Underwriters evaluate congestive heart failure by reviewing cardiology records, echocardiograms, hospital notes, medication lists, and functional assessments. They focus on ejection fraction, hospitalization history, response to treatment, and comorbidities such as diabetes or renal disease. Many CHF cases are uninsurable, while others may be considered only after a period of stability with aggressive management. Advisors working with CHF clients often look to guaranteed-issue or final-expense policies. Understanding congestive heart failure allows advisors to approach these cases sensitively and avoid unrealistic expectations about standard life insurance offers.