Colonoscopy is an endoscopic procedure in which a physician examines the interior of the colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera, allowing for detection and removal of polyps and biopsy of suspicious lesions. It is the gold standard for colon cancer screening and surveillance, typically recommended starting at age 45 or earlier for high-risk individuals. Findings can range from normal mucosa to benign polyps or malignant tumors. For underwriting, colonoscopy reports provide critical information about colon health, polyp type, size, and removal completeness.

Underwriters review colonoscopy results when applicants disclose polyps, gastrointestinal symptoms, or colon cancer history. They examine pathology on removed polyps"distinguishing hyperplastic from adenomatous or high-grade dysplasia findings"and consider recommended surveillance intervals. Normal colonoscopies support better underwriting outcomes, while advanced polyps or tumors lead to extra scrutiny. Advisors encourage clients to keep and share copies of colonoscopy and pathology reports with underwriters. Understanding colonoscopy helps advisors translate medical terminology for clients and explain why follow-up recommendations impact risk assessments.