Carotid stenosis is the narrowing of the carotid arteries in the neck, usually due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup, which reduces blood flow to the brain and increases the risk of stroke. Severity is often measured as a percentage of narrowing based on ultrasound or imaging studies. Mild stenosis may be managed with medications and lifestyle changes, while more severe cases can require carotid endarterectomy or stenting. The condition is closely associated with other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking and is a significant red flag in life insurance underwriting.

Underwriters evaluate carotid stenosis using carotid ultrasound reports, neurologist or vascular surgeon notes, and records of any TIA or stroke events. They consider the degree of narrowing, whether intervention has occurred, and ongoing risk-factor management. Applicants with moderate to severe stenosis may face table ratings or postponements, especially if there is concurrent coronary or peripheral artery disease. Advisors gather detailed imaging and treatment records and set expectations accordingly. Understanding carotid stenosis allows advisors to interpret medical terminology in APS reports and explain why stroke risk drives conservative underwriting decisions.